SOURCE-WIKIPEDIA

1. Aeschylus (525-456 BC) is often labelled as the father of ancient Greek tragedy. Along with Sophocles and Euripides, he is one of the three ancient Greek tragedians. 

2. The only difference between Shelley and Aeschylus's central figure Prometheus is that after his release from captivity, there is no reconciliation between him and Zeus(Jupiter).

3. Theogony (730-700 BC) that is "the genealogy or the birth of gods" has been written in Epic dialect by Hesiod (8th-7th C BC). It contains 1022 lines. Hesiod's literary activities have been recorded between 750 and 650 BC around the same time as Homer.

4. Epic dialect or Homeric Greek was used by Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey. A literary dialect of the Ancient Greek language was used to compose epic poetry, using dactylic hexameter.

5. William Wordsworth (1770-1850), an English Romantic poet with Samuel Taylor Coleridge started the Romantic movement in English Literature in their joint publication Lyrical Ballads (1798).

6. Wordsworth's masterpiece The Prelude, a semi-autobiographical poem, was often known as ' the poem to Coleridge' until his death in 1850. ( PAPER2, Q16, 2004)

7. John Keats (1795-1821), a prominent second generation Romantic poet along with Byron, Shelley was a major inspiration to the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. 

8. Lord Byron(1788-1824), one of the leading figures in the Romantic movement, is considered to be one of the greatest romantic poets. His best works are Don Juan and Childe Harold's Pilgrimage. 

9. ' A Thing of Beauty is Joy Forever' occurs in Endymion. It is a poem by John Keats first published in 1818. It is dedicated to Thomas Chatterton. (PAPER 2, Q18, 2004)

10. Endymion is written in rhyming couplets in Iambic pentameter also known as heroic couplets. The poem is based on the Greek myth of Endymion.

11. The Great Odes of 1819 by John Keats include - Ode on Indolence, Ode on Melancholy, Ode to a Nightingale and Ode to Psyche. 

12. 'Ode on a Grecian Urn' is a poem of five stanzas each of ten lines in ABAB rhyme scheme ending with Miltonic sestet. ' Ode on Indolence', ' Ode on Melancholy' and 'Ode to a Nightingale' follow the same pattern. 

13. The word 'ode' is of Greek origin meaning sung. The classical writers followed the strict pattern of strophe, antistrophe and epode. 

14. Keats' ode is different from classical writers in the sense that it breaks free from the rigid rules partly and includes the asymmetry of romanticism in the rest. This way it strives to strike a balance between the two extremes.

15. 'Ode on a Grecian Urn' was first published in the Annals of the Fine Arts for 1819. 

16. 'To Autumn' was published in 1820. In the volume of Keats' poetry, it included Lamia and The Eve of St Agnes. It is the last poem in Keats' '1819 Odes'. It was written in response to Peterloo Massacre. 

17. 'Ode to Psyche' is the first of his 1819 odes including 'Ode on a Grecian Urn' and 'Ode to a Nightingale'. 

18. In his 'Ode to Psyche', Keats uses his imagination to show narrator's inclination to resurrect psyche and incarnate himself as Eros.

19. 'Ode to Psyche' begins with the modified Shakespearean rhyme scheme ABABCDCDEFFEEF.

20. Gothic novel popularly understood as European pseudo-medieval romance enjoyed its prime in the latter half of the eighteenth century. 

21. It drew its imaginative spirit from ruined castles, mystery, terror, trapdoors, battlegrounds and such others. This genre was first brought into light by Horace Walpole's Castle of Otranto (1765).

22. Other such examples of this genre are:

      a) Anne Radcliffe -                 Mysteries of Udolpho (1794) and Italian (1797)

      b) Matthew Gregory Lewis   - The Monk (1796)

      c) William Beckford              -Vathek

      d) Charles Robert Maturin     - Melmoth the Wanderer (1820)

      e) Mary W. Shelley                 - Frankenstein (1818)

      f) Bram Stoker                        - Dracula ( 1897)

     g) Clara Reeve                        - The Old English Baron(1777)

 

23) Coming-of-age is a young person's transition from the state of childhood to adulthood. 

24) Northanger Abbey is a coming-of-age novel written in Gothic tradition. It is a satire on Gothic novels. In writing this novel, Jane Austen was also influenced by Charlotte Lennox's 'The Female Quixote'. (PAPER 2, Q 19, 2004)

25) Northanger Abbey by Jane Austen was the first novel to be written in full in 1803. But it was published posthumously in 1817 with Persuasion.